LOTFI DEMIKHA; AMIR SHAHARUDDIN; MAHMOUD MOHAMED ALI MAHMOUD EDRIS. The macroeconomic determinants of external debt in Ottoman Empire: A study of data from 1881–1913. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, [S. l.], v. 18, n. 1, p. 120–135, 2021. DOI: 10.33102/jmifr.v18i1.336. Disponível em: https://jmifr.usim.edu.my/index.php/jmifr/article/view/336. Acesso em: 3 apr. 2025.