Predicting intention to use QR code mobile payment among Malaysian Muslim millennials
Total Views: 1352
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/jmifr.481Keywords:
Cashless payment, millennial, Muslim, QR code mobile payment, Technology Acceptance ModelAbstract
Financial transactions in the digital age have shifted from traditional to digital systems. With the proliferation of smartphones and the internet, cashless payments via smartphone or mobile payment system are becoming more popular. Quick Response (QR) code mobile payment is one of the cashless payment options available today. Using the extended theory of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study investigates the intention of Malaysian Muslim millennials to opt for QR code mobile payment. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed via Google forms on various social media applications. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyse the data. The results showed that perceived usefulness, perceived risk, hedonic motivation, and performance expectancy have a significant influence on the intention of Malaysian Muslim millennials to use QR code mobile payment as a payment method. Perceived ease of use and social influence, on the other hand, were not predictors of intention to use QR code mobile payment. This study contributes to filling the gap in the literature on technology acceptance, digital payments, and consumer behaviour. At the same time, this study can serve as a basis for QR code developers and retailers to better understand and serve their customers, and for the government to integrate more QR code applications into many government-provided services.
Downloads
References
A. Rosli, N. F., Ibrahim, R., Yahya, Y., & M. Zainuddin, N. M., Yaacob, S., & Yusoff, R. C. M. (2020). Consumers’ intention to use mobile payment: A case of quick response (QR) code applications. Mathematical Sciences and Informatics Journal (MIJ), 1(1), 20-34.
Agárdi, I., & Alt, M. A. (2022). Do digital natives use mobile payment differently than digital immigrants? A comparative study between generation X and Z. Electronic Commerce Research, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-022-09537-9
Agil, H., Ahmad, A. L., & Azlan, A. A. (2022). The impact of social media advertising features on the purchase intention of the Malay millennial consumer. Search, 14(3), 60-73.
Alalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rana, N. P. (2017). Factors influencing adoption of mobile banking by Jordanian bank customers: Extending UTAUT2 with trust. International Journal of Information Management, 37(3), 99-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.01.002
Alam, M. M., Awawdeh, A. E., & Muhamad, A. I. B. (2021). Using e-wallet for business process development: Challenges and prospects in Malaysia. Business Process Management Journal, 27(4), 1142-1162.
Amin, H., & Hassan, M. K. (2022). Millennials' acceptability of tawarruq-based ar-rahnu in Malaysia. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(3), 510-529. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-09-2021-0170
Amarullah, A., Amaryllis, C., Kuslita, P., & Sundjaja, A. M. (2021). Consumers' intention to use mobile payment based on QR code. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 12(6).
Aris, F., Ismail, K., & Mohezar, S. (2022). Fostering mobile payment adoption: A case of Near Field Communication (NFC). International Journal of Business and Society, 23(3), 1535-1553. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.5180.2022
Ashrafi, D. M., & Easmin, R. (2023). The role of innovation resistance and technology readiness in the adoption of QR code payments among digital natives: A serial moderated mediation model. Int. Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 18(1).
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behaviour (pp. 11-39). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organisational behaviour and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ajzen, S. I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Prentice-Hall.
Baskaran, M., & Dada, M. (2022). The effect of celebrity endorsement on consumer behaviour in Klang Valley Malaysia. Electronic Journal of Business and Management, 7(1), 1-16.
Baskoro, H. A., & Amini, A. (2020). Analysis of factors influencing consumer intention toward Indonesia QR mobile payment. In Understanding Digital Industry (pp. 112-116). Routledge.
Bauer, R. A. (1967). Consumer behavior as risk taking. Marketing: Critical perspectives on business and management, 13-21.
Chang, V., Chen, W., Xu, Q. A., & Xiong, C. (2021). Towards the customers' intention to use QR codes in mobile payments. Journal of Global Information Management (JGIM), 29(6), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.20211101.OA37
Chen, F., & Jiang, G. (2022). The roles of fintech with perceived mediators in consumer financial satisfaction with cashless payments. Mathematics, 10(19), 3531.
Chen, J. K. (2018). The influence of behavioural intention on third-party e-commerce payment. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 21(1), 1-9.
Chuan, C. L., & Penyelidikan, J. (2006). Sample size estimation using Krejcie and Morgan and Cohen statistical power analysis: A comparison. Jurnal Penyelidikan IPBL, 7(1), 78-86.
Chuah, C. P., & Balachandran, D. (2019). Structural modelling of the Malaysian consumers desire to embrace QR code. International Journal of Modelling in Operations Management, 7(2), 161-181. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMOM.2019.100154
Cohen, J. (1992). Quantitative methods in psychology: A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 1155-1159.
Crompton, H., LaFrance, J., & van't Hooft, M. (2012). QR codes 101. ISTE Learning and Leading with Technology, 39(8), 22-25.
D’souza, M., & Bhadury, K. (2017). Potential risks of mobile wallet usage as compared to a physical wallet in India. International Journal of Latest Engineering and Management Research, 2(2), 1-8.
Dahlberg, T., Guo, J., & Ondrus, J. (2015). A critical review of mobile payment research. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 14(5), 265-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2015.07.006
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS quarterly, 319-340.
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management science, 35(8), 982-1003.
De Kerviler, G., Demoulin, N. T., & Zidda, P. (2016). Adoption of in-store mobile payment: Are perceived risk and convenience the only drivers?. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 31, 334-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.04.011
de Reuver, M., & Ondrus, J. (2017). When technological superiority is not enough: The struggle to impose the SIM card as the NFC secure element for mobile payment platforms. Telecommunications Policy, 41(4), 253-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.01.004
Department of Statistics Malaysia (2023, February 9). Demographic statistics fourth quarter 2022, Malaysia. Retrieved 12 February 2023, from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=430&bul_id=VndFcmkvVTZoVTNYOTN2MzRtNy9zQT09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Ghaisani, N., Kannan, R., & Basbeth, F. (2022). Consumers' intention to continue using cryptocurrency mobile wallets in Malaysia. International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting, 3(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.33093/ijomfa.2022.3.2.1
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 6). Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hairani, N., Hanan, F., Omar, M. F., Khalid, K., & Muhamad, M. (2021). Retail customer acceptance toward QR code payment system in Malaysia. In The Importance of New Technologies and Entrepreneurship in Business Development: In the Context of Economic Diversity in Developing Countries: The Impact of New Technologies and Entrepreneurship on Business Development (pp. 505-515). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69221-6_38
Hajazi, M. A., Chan, S. S., Ya'kob, S. A., Siali, F., & Latip, H. A. (2021). Usage intention of QR mobile payment system among millennials in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(1), 645-661. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i1/8494
Hamzah, M. I., Ramli, F. A. A., & Shaw, N. (2023). The moderating influence of brand image on consumers' adoption of QR-code e-wallets. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 73, 103326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103326
Hasbullah, N. N., Sulaiman, Z., Mas'od, A., & Ahmad Sugiran, H. S. (2022). Drivers of sustainable apparel purchase intention: An empirical study of Malaysian millennial consumers. Sustainability, 14(4), 1945. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14041945
Imani, A. T., & Anggono, A. H. (2020). Factors influencing customers acceptance of using the QR code feature in offline merchants for generation Z in Bandung (Extended UTAUT2). KnE Social Sciences, 1174-1201. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4i6.6670
Ibrahim, M. H., Hussin, R., & Hussin, H. (2019). Factors influencing Malaysian consumers' intention to use Quick Response (QR) mobile payment. Jurnal Pengurusan, (57).
Jakubowska, M. (2017). The role of cashless transactions in the process of limiting the scale of the shadow economy. Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting, 6(4), 23-37.
Kim, C., Mirusmonov, M., & Lee, I. (2010). An empirical examination of factors influencing the intention to use mobile payment. Computers in human behavior, 26(3), 310-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.10.013
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Le, X. C. (2022). The diffusion of mobile QR-code payment: an empirical evaluation for a pandemic. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 14(4), 617-636. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-07-2021-0329
Lestari, D. (2020). Millennial and Islamic financial products. Li Falah: Jurnal Studi Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, 5(1), 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/lifalah.v5i1.1755
Miyamoto, M., & Kudo, Y. (2021). Technology acceptance of QR code payment and its effective advertisement media for multi-channel customers. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 12(4).
Morosan, C., & DeFranco, A. (2016). It's about time: Revisiting UTAUT2 to examine consumers’ intentions to use NFC mobile payments in hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 53, 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.11.003
Moussaïd, M., Kämmer, J. E., Analytis, P. P., & Neth, H. (2013). Social influence and the collective dynamics of opinion formation. PloS one, 8(11), e78433. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078433
Musyaffi, A. M., Johari, R. J., Rosnidah, I., Sari, D. A. P., Amal, M. I., Tasyrifania, I., & Sutanti, F. D. (2021). Digital payment during pandemic: An extension of the unified model of QR code. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(6), 213.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Osman, S., & Din, S. A. M. (2022). The rhapsody of mobile applications: A case study of Malaysian travellers. In Hassan, A. (eds) Handbook of Technology Application in Tourism in Asia (pp. 681-695). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2210-6_32
Ozkaya, E., Ozkaya, H. E., Roxas, J., Bryant, F., & Whitson, D. (2015). Factors affecting consumer usage of QR codes. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 16, 209-224. https://doi.org/10.1057/dddmp.2015.18
Rahman, M., Ismail, I., & Bahri, S. (2020). Analysing consumer adoption of cashless payment in Malaysia. Digital Business, 1(1), 100004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2021.100004
Rigopoulos, G., & Askounis, D. (1970). A TAM framework to evaluate users’ perception towards online electronic payments. The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 12(3), 1-6.
Sang Ryu, J., & Murdock, K. (2013). Consumer acceptance of mobile marketing communications using the QR code. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 15, 111-124. https://doi.org/10.1057/dddmp.2013.53
Senali, M. G., Iranmanesh, M., Ismail, F. N., Rahim, N. F. A., Khoshkam, M., & Mirzaei, M. (2022). Determinants of intention to use e-wallet: Personal innovativeness and propensity to trust as moderators. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2076309
Setiawan, B., Khairani, M., Fadil, T., & Abdullah, T. M. K. (2022). Investigasi behavioral intention pada sistem pembayaran QRIS di merchant UMKM. JATISI (Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi), 9(4), 3467-3480. https://doi.org/10.35957/jatisi.v9i4.3364
Shane, J. M. S. S., Chan, T. J., & Mohan, Y. M. (2022). Factors affecting the intention to adopt e-wallet services during Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 5(2), 28-40.
Shrestha, N. (2020). Detecting multicollinearity in regression analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 8(2), 39-42. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-8-2-1
Shukur, M. H., Ismail, R. J., & Flaih, L. R. (2022). Empower e-wallets payment system by using secured hybrid approach of online and offline services. Cihan University-Erbil Scientific
Journal, 6(2), 23-27.
Statistica. (2023, January 18). Number of smartphone subscriptions worldwide from 2016 to 2021, with forecasts from 2022 to 2027. Retrieved 12 February 2023, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of-smartphone-users-worldwide/
Suebtimrat, P., & Vonguai, R. (2021). An investigation of behavioral intention towards QR Code payment in Bangkok, Thailand. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 939-950. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no1.939
Suhartanto, D., Dean, D., Ismail, T. A. T., & Sundari, R. (2019). Mobile banking adoption in Islamic banks: Integrating TAM model and religiosity-intention model. Journal of Islamic Marketing,11(6), 1405-1418. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2019-0096
Sukwadi, R., Caroline, L. S., & Chen, G. Y. H. (2022). Extended technology acceptance model for Indonesian mobile wallet: Structural equation modeling approach. Engineering and Applied Science Research, 49(2), 146-154. https://doi.org/10.14456/easr.2022.17
Suo, W. J., Goi, C. L., Goi, M. T., & Sim, A. K. (2022). Factors influencing behavioural intention to adopt the QR-code payment: Extending UTAUT2 model. International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management (IJABIM), 13(2), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJABIM.20220701.oa8
Susanti, L., & Alamsyah, D. P. (2022, May). Perceived ease of use as a precursor of mobile payment e-wallet. In 2022 IEEE Zooming Innovation in Consumer Technologies Conference (ZINC) (pp. 123-127). IEEE. 10.1109/ZINC55034.2022.9840646
Taasoobshirazi, G., & Wang, S. (2016). The performance of the SRMR, RMSEA, CFI, and TLI: An examination of sample size, path size, and degrees of freedom. Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods, 11(3), 31-39.
Tang, M. B., Dieo, B. A., Suhaimi, M. K. A. M., & Andam, J. L. A. (2022). The emergence of e-wallet in Sarawak: Factors influencing the adoption of Sarawak Pay. International Journal of Business and Society, 23(3), 1423-1442. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.5172.2022
Teo, A. C., Tan, G. W. H., Ooi, K. B., Hew, T. S., & Yew, K. T. (2015). The effects of convenience and speed in m-payment. Industrial management & data systems, 115(2), 311-331. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-08-2014-0231
Tu, M., Wu, L., Wan, H., Ding, Z., Guo, Z., & Chen, J. (2022). The adoption of QR code mobile payment technology during COVID-19: A social learning perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 6586. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.798199
Türker, C., Altay, B. C., & Okumuş, A. (2022). Understanding user acceptance of QR code mobile payment systems in Turkey: An extended TAM. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 184, 121968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121968
VanVoorhis, C. W., & Morgan, B. L. (2007). Understanding power and rules of thumb for determining sample sizes. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 3(2), 43-50.
Venkatesh, V., & Morris, M. G. (2000). Why don't men ever stop to ask for directions? Gender, social influence, and their role in technology acceptance and usage behavior. MIS Quarterly, 115-139.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS quarterly, 425-478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS quarterly, 157-178. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412
Warshaw, P. R., & Davis, F. D. (1985). Disentangling behavioral intention and behavioral expectation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(3), 213-228.
Winarno, W. A., Mas'ud, I., & Palupi, T. W. (2021). Perceived enjoyment, application self-efficacy, and subjective norms as determinants of behavior intention in using OVO applications. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 1189-1200. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no2.1189
Wu, Z., & Liu, Y. (2022). Exploring country differences in the adoption of mobile payment service: The surprising robustness of the UTAUT2 model. International Journal of Bank Marketing, (ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-02-2022-0052
Yan, L. Y., Tan, G. W. H., Loh, X. M., Hew, J. J., & Ooi, K. B. (2021). QR code and mobile payment: The disruptive forces in retail. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 102300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102300
Zhong, Y., & Moon, H. C. (2022). Investigating customer behavior of using contactless payment in China: A comparative study of facial recognition payment and mobile QR-code payment. Sustainability, 14(12), 7150. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127150
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Wan Rasyidah Wan Nawang, Syabil Nazhan Ahd.Moess
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
