Tatacara ijtihad oleh Majlis Penasihat Syariah Bank Negara Malaysia dalam menyelesaikan isu kewangan Islam: Ijtihad approach by Syariah Advisory Council of Bank Negara Malaysia in solution of Islamic finance issues

Aisyah Mustafa; Asmak Ab Rahman

doi:10.33102/jmifr.v18i2.371

Authors

Aisyah Mustafa Department of Shariah and Economy, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Asmak Ab Rahman Department of Shariah and Economy, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/jmifr.v18i2.371

Keywords:

Ijtihad, Majlis Penasihat Syariah, kewangan Islam

Abstract

Ijtihad adalah penentuan terhadap suatu hukum yang tidak ada dibincangkan dalam sumber perundangan Islam. Ia juga merupakan suatu mekanisma utama dalam ilmu usul fiqh. Isu ijtihad ini banyak dibincangkan oleh ulama terdahulu dan juga ulama kontemporari dalam menentukan sesuatu hukum yang sesuai dengan perkembangan semasa. Namun begitu, ijtihad ini hanya boleh dilakukan oleh orang yang berkelayakan sahaja. Dalam konteks kewangan Islam, Majlis Penasihat Syariah Bank Negara Malaysia (MPS BNM) adalah badan yang berautoriti untuk melakukan ijtihad terhadap isu-isu yang timbul berkaitan dengan muamalat. Tujuan kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk mengenalpasti pendekatan yang digunakan oleh MPS BNM dalam menangani isu-isu kewangan Islam. Oleh itu, kajian perpustakaan telah digunakan untuk memperolehi segala maklumat seperti jurnal, buku, kertas persidangan, dan koleksi Resolusi Syariah dalam Kewangan Islam. Kajian lapangan juga turut dijalankan dengan menggunakan kaedah temu bual. Temu bual dijalankan bersama pegawai-pegawai yang terlibat dalam industri kewangan Islam. Hasil kajian mendapati MPS BNM melaksanakan tugasnya dengan mengeluarkan suatu hukum terhadap isu yang dibincangkan dengan menjalani proses ijtihad terlebih dahulu. Bertitik tolak daripada kenyataan ini, pendekatan ijtihad menjadi satu keperluan penting dalam memberikan jawapan hukum terhadap isu-isu semasa yang timbul terutamanya dalam kewangan Islam.

Ijtihad is the determination of a law which is not discussed in Islamic legal sources. It is also the main mechanism in the usul fiqh. The issue of ijtihad has been discussed by former scholars as well as contemporary scholars in deciding law based on current developments. However, ijtihad can only be done by qualified people. In the context of Islamic finance, Shariah Advisory Council of Bank Negara Malaysia (SAC BNM) is the authorized body that can perform ijtihad on issues related to Islamic finance. The purpose of this study is to identify the approach used by SAC BNM in addressing Islamic Financial issues. Therefore, library research was done to obtain information such as journals, books, conference papers and Shariah resolution in Islamic Finance. Field studies were conducted using interview method. Interviews were conducted with executives who wererelated to Islamic finance industry. This study found that SAC BNM performs their duties in defining the hukm through the process of ijtihad. Starting from this point, ijtihad became a necessity in providing legal answers on current issues especially in Islamic finance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Aisyah Mustafa , Department of Shariah and Economy, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Asmak Ab Rahman, Department of Shariah and Economy, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

References

‘Ali al-Syirazi, A.I. (n.d). Al-Luma’ Fi Usul al-Fiqh. al-Maktabah al-Tawfiqiyyah.

Ab Majid, M. Z. H. (2004). Fatwa dan isu semasa: Masalah dan cabaran di Malaysia. Jurnal Syariah, 12(2), 79-93.

Abdullah, M. A., Rusni, A., Omar, M. N., Napiah, M. D., Othman, A. A., Ariffin, M., & Yusoff, A. (2014). A study on the Shariah decision making processes adopted by the Shariah Committee in Malaysian Islamic Financial Institutions. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(13), 670-675.

Abu Zahrah. (n.d). Usul al-fiqh. Dar al-Fikr al-‘Arabi.

Al-Amidi, A. I. M. (2003). Al-ihkam fi usul al-ahkam. Dar al-Sami’i.

Al-Amidi. (n.d). Al-Ihkam fi Usul al Ahkam. Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.

Al-Asnawi, J. A. D. (1924). Nihayah al-sul fi syarh manhaj al-usul. ‘Alam al-Kutub.

Al-Ghazali. (n.d). Al-Mustasfa. Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi.

Al-Namilah, A. K. (2000). Al-Jāmiʻ Li Masāʼil Usūl al-Fiqh Wa Taṭbīqātihā ʻalā al-Madhab al-Rājiḥ. Maktabah al-Rushd.

Al-Razi, (1981). Mukhtar al-Sihah. Dar al-Fikr.

Al-Syarafi, A. A. A. (1998). Al-Ijtihad al-Jama‘i fi al-Tashri‘ al-Islamiyyah. Kitab al-Ummah. Wizarat al-Auqaf Wa al-Shu’un al-Islamiyyah.

Arif, M. I. A. M., & Markom, R. (2013). Peranan dan kedudukan Majlis Penasihat Syariah untuk memperkasakan sistem kewangan Islam di Malaysia. Jurnal Pengurusan, 127-132.

Awang, I. (2001). Kaedah penyelidikan: Suatu sorotan. Intel Multimedia and Publications.

Bank Negara Malaysia (2016). Manual rujukan institusi kewangan Islam kepada penasihat syariah. https://www.bnm.gov.my/documents/20124/938039/Manual_Rujukan_IKI_kpd_MPS.pdf/d58a8c36-a439-b036-1b9e-0ffe980bb482?t=1592244270923

Bank Negara Malaysia. (2010). Resolusi Syariah dalam kewangan Islam. Bank Negara Malaysia.

Bank Negara Malaysia. (2012). Resolusi Syariah dalam kewangan Islam Majlis Penasihat Syariah Bank Negara Malaysia (2010-2011). https://www.bnm.gov.my/documents/20124/938039/20121107_S_G_0005.pdf/a8d0837f-bca1-aeac-fb50-57931ba14c4e?t=1592212076223

Bank Negara Malaysia. (2014). 20 years experience of Malaysian takaful industry. https://www.bnm.gov.my/documents/20124/792371/booklet.en.pdf

Bank Negara Malaysia. (2021). Profile of current SAC members (2019-2022). Shariah Advisory Council. https://www.bnm.gov.my/shariah-advisory-council

Bank Negara Malaysia. (n.d). SAC secretariate. Shariah Advisory Council Bank Negara Malaysia. https://www.sacbnm.org/?page_id=3303

Borhan, J. T. (2001). Sistem perbankan Islam di Malaysia: Sejarah perkembangan, prinsip dan amalannya. Jurnal Usuluddin 14, 137-164.

Gorman, G. E., Clayton, P., Shep, S. J., & Clayton, A. (2005). Qualitative research for the information professional: A practical handbook. Facet.

Hasan, R., & Salleh, S. (2017). Pematuhan Syariah dalam operasi takaful di bawah Akta Perkhidmatan Kewangan Islam (APKI) 2013. Shariah Journal, 25(2), 247-266.

Hussain, L. (2013). Ijtihad jama'i dalam penetapan hukum syarak: Aplikasi di Malaysia. Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia.

Hussain, M. A., Hassan, R., Azhar, A., & Hasan, A. (2017). The appointment of members to the Shariah Advisory Council of Central Bank of Malaysia: Legal issues. UUM Journal of Legal Studies, 8, 167-181.

Ibn al-Manzur. (1999). Lisan al-Arab. Dar al-Ihya al-Thurath al-Arabi.

Ismail, A. G., & Sanusi N. A. (2004). A regulatory framework for Islamic bank. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 1(1), 97-120.

Kamali, M. H. (1991). Principles of Islamic jurisprudence. The Islamic Text Society.

Kamali, M. H. (2000). Principles of Islamic jurisprudence. Ilmiah Publishers Sdn. Bhd.

Lahsasna, A. (2014). Shari'ah non-compliance risk management and legal documentations in Islamic finance. John Wiley & Sons.

Manan, A. (2006). Reformasi hukum Islam di Indonesia. PT Raja Grafindo Persada.

Markom, R., Pitchay, S. I., Zainol, Z. A., Rahim, A. A., & Merican, R. M. A. R. (2013). Adjudication of Islamic banking and finance cases in the Civil Courts of Malaysia. European Journal of Law and Economics, 36(1), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-011-9249-4

Miskam, S., & Nasrul, M. A. (2013, November 25-26). Shariah governanve in Islamic finance: The effect of the Islamic Financial Service Act 2013. Proceeding of the World Conference on Integration of Knowledge, Langkawi, Malaysia.

Mohamad, T. M., Borhan, J. T., & Sulaiman, A. A. (2014). Krisis kewangan global: Kestabilan dan karakteristik unik perbankan Islam. Jurnal Syariah, 22(1), 57-86.

Qardawi, Y. (1994). al-Ijtihad al-Mu’asirah Baina al-Indibat wa al-Infirat. Dar al-Tauzi’ wa al-Nasyr al-Islamiyyah.

Qardawi, Y. (2011). al-Ijtihad Fi al-Shari’ah al-Islamiah. Dar al-Qalam.

Ridla, M. R. (1922). Al-Imamat al-Uzhma Mabab.its Syar’iyyat ljtima’iyyat Ishlabiyyat. Mathba'at al-Manar.

Rosele, M. I., Ariffin, M. F. M., Ramli, M. A., & Isamail, M. Z. (2016). Pendekatan ijtihad kontemporari dalam isu semasa di Malaysia. Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 13, 53-66.

Sano, Q. M. (2004). Al-Ijtihad al-Jama‘i al-Manshud fi Dhau’ al Waqi‘ al-Mu‘asir. Dar al-Tajdid.

Shaharuddin, A. (2015). Harmonizing Shariah rulings in Islamic finance: Strategies and challenges. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 12(1), 1-12.

Syed Mohamad, S. F. (2020). Full fledged vs shared/outsourced takaful operators: A maqasid index approach. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 17(2), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.33102/jmifr.v17i2.290

Syed Shamsuddin, S. S., & Ismail, A. M. (2018). Pendekatan ijtihad jama'i dalam pengharmonisasian ikhtilaf fuqaha. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 12(1), 22-36. https://doi.org/10.33102/jfatwa.vol12no.4

Zaidan, A. K. (1976). Al-Wajiz Fi Usul al-Fiqh al-Islami. Maktabah al-Quds.

Zakaria, T. A. B. (2013). A judicial perspective on Islamic finance litigation in Malaysia. IIUM Law Journal, 21(2), 143-182.

Tatacara ijtihad oleh Majlis Penasihat Syariah Bank Negara Malaysia dalam menyelesaikan isu kewangan Islam

Ijtihad approach by Syariah Advisory Council of Bank Negara Malaysia in solution of Islamic finance issues

Authors

DOI:

Keywords:

Abstract

Downloads

Author Biographies

Aisyah Mustafa , Department of Shariah and Economy, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Asmak Ab Rahman, Department of Shariah and Economy, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

References

Published

How to Cite

Issue

Section