Konsep Mata Wang Menurut Syariah Dan Hubungannya Dengan Mata Wang Kripto: The Concept of Money in the Shariah and Its Relation to Cryptocurrency

Suffian Haqiem Nor Azelan; Asmak Ab Rahman; Mohd Shahid Mohd Noh

doi:10.33102/jmifr.496

Authors

Suffian Haqiem Nor Azelan Jabatan Syariah dan Ekonomi, Akademi Pengajian Islam, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
Asmak Ab Rahman Jabatan Syariah dan Ekonomi, Akademi Pengajian Islam, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-3099
Mohd Shahid Mohd Noh Jabatan Syariah dan Ekonomi, Akademi Pengajian Islam, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-4613

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33102/jmifr.496

Keywords:

Mata wang, wang Islam, Syariah, Mata wang kripto, fintech

Abstract

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan konsep mata wang dari perspektif syariah dan hubungannya dengan mata wang kripto. Pendekatan kajian kualitatif digunakan untuk penyelidikan ini. Data-data dikumpulkan daripada beberapa sumber seperti buku, artikel jurnal, laporan, kertas persidangan dan laman sesawang. Data-data yang diperoleh dianalisis melalui pendekatan penyelidikan penjelasan dan analisis kandungan dengan membawakan pendapat ulama dan hujah mereka tentang perkara yang dibincangkan. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa syariah telah menggariskan syarat-syarat dan ciri-ciri tertentu untuk sesuatu itu dianggap sebagai mata wang. Dalam hal berkaitan mata wang kripto, pandangan syariah adalah berbeza-beza berdasarkan jenis-jenis mata wang kripto dan sama ada mata wang kripto memenuhi syarat untuk dianggap sebagai mata wang ataupun sebagai aset. Di samping itu, penggunaan mata wang kripto mestilah terhindar daripada perkara yang haram di sisi syarak seperti riba (faedah), gharar (ketidakpastian) dan maysir (judi) sama ada ianya dilihat sebagai mata wang ataupun aset. Menurut perspektif Islam, mata wang perlu memenuhi ciri-ciri sebagai harta (mal) yang sah di sisi Islam (mutaqawwim) serta mempunyai nilai monetari (thamaniyyah). Fungsi utama mata wang menurut Islam adalah sebagai medium pertukaran, pengukur nilai dan penyimpan nilai. Tambahan pula, syariah tidak mengehadkan mata wang kepada dirham dan dinar semata-mata. Sehubungan itu, mata wang kripto boleh dianggap sebagai alternatif kepada mata wang semasa dalam bentuk digital. Hal ini boleh menggalakkan inovasi sistem kewangan kepada sistem digital sepenuhnya sekali gus menjadikan sistem kewangan lebih pesat berdasarkan potensi yang ditawarkan sistem kewangan digital. Kajian ini boleh memberi manfaat kepada penggubal dasar dalam merangka serta mengeluarkan garis panduan dan dokumen dasar baharu berkaitan kajian yang dilakukan. Selain itu, ia juga mungkin menarik minat pihak industri, para pengguna dan pelabur mata wang kripto untuk mempunyai pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang mata wang kripto daripada pandangan syariah.

The purpose of this study is to examine the idea of currency from a Shariah perspective and its connection to cryptocurrencies. For this study, a qualitative research methodology was employed. A variety of sources, including books, journal articles, reports, conference papers, and websites, were used to gather the data. Through the use of content analysis and an explanatory research approach, the data collected are evaluated by bringing in the opinions and justifications of academics on the subjects under discussion. The results of this study demonstrate that the shariah has specified a number of requirements and qualities for something to be regarded as currency. Depending on the form of cryptocurrency and whether it satisfies the criteria to be classified as currency or an asset, the Shariah perspective on cryptocurrency issues varies. Additionally, whether it is viewed as a money or an asset, the usage of cryptocurrency must be avoided while engaging in activities that are prohibited by Shariah law, such as riba (interest), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling). The Islamic view is that money must have both a monetary value (thamaniyyah) and the characteristics of property (mal) that is recognised in Islam (mutaqawwim). According to Islam, money's primary roles are as a vehicle of transaction, a gauge of worth, and a repository of value. Furthermore, shariah does not restrict the use of money to just dirhams and dinars. As a result, cryptocurrencies might be seen as a digital substitute for the current currencies. This may foster the development of a fully digital financial system, which would speed up the financial system by utilising the capacity of the digital financial system. Policy makers can use this study to help them create and publish new rules and directives connected to it. Additionally, a greater understanding of cryptocurrencies from a sharia point of view may be interesting to the sector, consumers, and investors of cryptocurrencies.

Keywords: Currency, Islamic money, Shariah, cryptocurrency, fintech

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